• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A system (100) for calculating frost (R), the system (100) including a plurality of weather stations (10) for measuring outdoor temperature, a server (20) comprising a database memory (22) for collecting measurement data of weather stations (10) over a network connection and storing in said database memory (22) , the server (20) including an open interface for sharing the stored measurement data as open data, a computing service (12) comprising a computing memory (14), a computing unit (28), software means (32), the software means (32) being adapted to load the open station (10) from the measurement data server (20) to the calculation service (12), store the downloaded measurement data in said calculation memory (14) together with the location information (p1) of each weather station (10), generate a weather station-specific temperature forecast for each day of the year for each weather station (10), determine said map data , to search for the location of the weather stations (10) on the basis of the second location information (p2) from the data (p1) to the geographically closest weather station as the selected weather station (10), to calculate for each weather station (10) from the measurement data and temperature forecast the cumulative frost and melting rate for the reference period, to estimate the frost depth (R), for the frost value an amount of frost (R) to form an estimate of the melting value of the frost (R), namely the melting value, for the reference period by calculating the cumulative melting rates of the selected weather stations (10), and a frost (R) depth estimate by displaying the frost value and melting that the software means (32) are adapted to search the location data (p1) of the weather stations (10) for the two geographically closest weather stations (10) on the basis of the second location information (p2) and to select the nearest weather stations (10) as selected weather stations (10) and further extending a graphical user interface (26) for ordering and displaying the frost estimate, the user interface (26) including a map application for presenting the map (18) to the customer for selecting the destination (16) and soil type (T) of the frost estimate. In addition, protection requirements 2-5.
    公开号:FI12782Y1
    申请号:FIU20204115U
    申请日:2020-08-20
    公开日:2020-11-13
    发明作者:Antti Ryhänen；Sami Ylönen
    申请人:Katsanta Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a system for counting frost, the system comprising - a plurality of weather stations for measuring the outdoor temperature, - a server comprising a database memory for collecting weather station measurement data using a network connection and storing it as a manual service; calculation means, the software means being adapted to - download the open measurement data of the weather stations from the server to the calculation service, - store the downloaded measurement data in said calculation memory together with the location information of each weather station, - generate a weather forecast for each weather station, o - to search on the basis of the second location information O 25 weather station location information the geographically closest s weather station selected i - as a weather station, S - calculate for each weather station from the measurement data = temperature and temperature forecast the cumulative amount of frost and the cumulative amount of melting for the observation period, N - form an estimate of frost depth, S the frost value for the observation period by calculating the cumulative amount of frost
    - to estimate the frost melting rate, namely the melting value, for the reference period by calculating the cumulative melting rates of the selected weather stations, and - to present the frost depth estimate by presenting the frost value and melting value preferably as a graph to the customer using a graphical user interface.
    By definition, frost is frozen groundwater that forms when the temperature drops below zero. At this point, the soil begins to cool and the groundwater bound to it eventually freezes, forming frost. Technically, frost can cause damage to the foundations of buildings, as a phenomenon called frosting causes volume changes in the soil. As the volume of the soil changes, the structures attached to the soil may shift and the ground level will rise as the water takes up more space as it freezes and thus expands. Frost is also a significant factor influencing the condition of roads, on paved roads it typically causes fracture damage, on unpaved roads it appears as a fracture. Frost boundary refers to the depth of the earth to which the frost extends.
    O In addition to temperature, the formation of frost is also affected by the soil type. Frost will have a different structure in different soil types.
    s Coarse-grained soil becomes hollow frost where water freezes in S cavities. In this case, the total volume of the soil does not increase.
    = Massive frost enters the denser soil, which expands the soil material and improves its load-bearing capacity.
    3 30 N Traditionally, frost depth has been estimated using temperature sensors. Temperature sensors are mounted at various points on a dipstick that is drilled into the ground. Temperature sensors can be provided, for example, at 10 cm intervals to form
    soil temperature profile. The temperature profiles at different depths can be formed into a graphical representation from which a person skilled in the art can interpret the location of the frout boundary and deduce when the soil has completely melted. Freezing and thawing of the soil can be calculated using known equations when the temperature of the object is known. However, the traditional frost estimation described above requires temperature sensing at the exact location where the frost estimation is to be evaluated. In addition, estimating frost from a temperature profile requires a person skilled in the art with knowledge of estimating temperature profiles. The object of the invention is to provide a system for calculating frost which is easier to use than prior art systems, by means of which the depth of frost can be estimated at any desired point without separate sensing. Characteristic features of the system of the present invention from claim 1.
    The object of the system according to the invention can be achieved by a frost counting system comprising a plurality of weather stations for measuring outdoor temperature, a server O for collecting weather station measurement data O25 using a network connection and storing s in a database memory a graphical user interface for ordering and presenting a frost estimate, the user interface including a map application for presenting a map to a customer for selecting the map information and N soil types of the frost estimate. In addition, the system includes a computing service comprising a computational memory, a computing unit, software tools, and a graphical user interface for ordering and displaying a frost estimate, the interface including a map application for presenting a map to a customer for selecting a frost estimate destination and type. The software means are adapted to download the open measurement data of the weather stations via the network connection to the calculation service, to store the downloaded measurement data in said calculation memory together with the location information of each weather station and to generate a weather station-specific temperature forecast for each day of the year. In addition, the software means are adapted to determine the second location information of the map data, to search the location data of the weather stations for the two geographically closest weather stations based on the second location information, and to select the nearest weather stations as selected weather stations for calculation. Furthermore, the software means are adapted to calculate for each weather station from the measurement data and temperature forecast the cumulative amount of frost and the amount of melting for the observation period, to estimate the frost depth, namely frost value, cumulative amount of for the observation period by calculating the cumulative melting rates of the selected weather stations and presenting the frost depth estimate by presenting the frost value and the melting value preferably as a graph to the customer by means of a graphical user interface.
    S S 25 The system according to the invention can be implemented without separate temperature sensors or measuring rods using the already existing network of weather stations and their open measurement data. On the other hand, the processing and presentation of measurement data to the customer can also be advantageously implemented as a cloud service. With such a system, frost can be calculated computationally at an optional destination using only freely available open measurement data from weather stations. The effect of outdoor temperature on the formation of frost and, on the other hand, on melting is known from the prior art. Also for the second influencing factor, the soil type, the effect on the formation and melting of frost is known and can be taken into account in the calculated frost estimate. The use of the system according to the invention does not require separate sensors to be installed in the ground at the target site, which facilitates the use of the system and makes it very cost-effective. From the existing weather station-specific measurement data, a forecast for the temperature of each date can be calculated, through which a forecast for the future can be formed. By loading the measurement data into the calculation memory of the calculation service, the calculation can be performed quickly and independently of the network connections at any time. An advantage of the system according to the invention is also an estimate of the depth of the melted earth.
    Surprisingly, it has been found that the calculated frost estimate gives very close to the actual results of the frost given by the sensors installed in the soil. The system according to the invention also has the advantage that the customer does not need the help of an expert to interpret the results, but the system according to the invention can give the customer, for example, an unambiguous date when the soil has melted with sufficient certainty. Alternatively, the result may also be an estimate of the depth of frost on each date.
    S 25 s Preferably, the computing service is a cloud service, but it may also alternatively be an independent server computer.
    = The advantage of the cloud service is the low availability of high computing power and storage capacity compared to a stand-alone server = 30 computer. O
    S> Preferably, the graphical user interface is an https web page. In this case, the user interface can be used for any network
    using a connected device using a standard web browser, making the system easy to use.
    Alternatively, the graphical user interface is a separate application that is installed on the terminal.
    The advantage of the application is the possibility to implement more complex graphic entities than with the help of websites.
    The system according to the invention can be used by a method for calculating frost, in which measurement data is generated by means of weather station temperature sensors, open metering data of weather stations is loaded into the calculation service, stored in the calculation memory of the meteorological service. Temperature forecast for each day of the year.
    The method further selects a desired target location for estimating frost on the map and the soil type of that target location, determines a second location information describing the location of that destination location, searches the two location information for the two geographically closest weather stations, and selects the nearest weather stations.
    In addition, the method calculates for each weather station O from the measurement data and temperature forecast the cumulative amount of frost O 25 and the cumulative melting amount for the observation period and s an estimate of frost depth, namely frost value, S from the cumulative melting rates of the selected weather stations.
    Finally, N presents a frost estimate of the frost depth to the user by presenting the melt value and the frost value preferably as a graph to the customer.
    Preferably, the computing service is a cloud service. In this case, the computing service can utilize the computing power and storage capacity of the external cloud service provider.
    Alternatively, the computing service may be a physical server computer. In this case, computing is not externally dependent on the cloud service. However, such an implementation requires a lot of computing power and storage capacity from the server.
    Preferably, the software means are adapted to estimate the frostlessness of the soil when the frost value and melting value curves meet in a graph. This makes it easy for the customer to see from the graph how much soil has melted from the ground surface and how deep the frost is in the soil. Preferably, the software means are adapted to select the desired review period for the frost estimate. In this way, the customer can decide for how long he or she wants to look at the development of frost. On the other hand, the choice of the reference period delimits some of the measurement data and thus simplifies the calculation of the frost estimate. O The length of the review period may be optional, but O 25 preferably has a length of 10 to 500 days, most preferably 120 to 270 days. The choice of the length of the reference period affects the amount of measurement data used to calculate S and thus = the number of calculations. A short observation period can be used, for example, in the spring to estimate the exact date of frost melting, while a long frost estimate can be used to estimate N periods when the soil is melted and can be subjected to, for example, earthworks or roadworks. Such information can be used, for example, in job planning.
    Preferably, the software means are adapted to generate a weather station-specific temperature forecast based at least in part on the measurement data of that weather station. This means that for each weather station, a calculated forecast for the temperature of each date is generated on the basis of the measurement data from previous measurement years. In this case, the frost estimate can be made much further into the future than by using only site-specific weather forecasts from the Meteorological Institute, for example, which usually extend up to 10 days in advance. Preferably, the software means is adapted to generate a weather station-specific forecast for each weather station for each hour of the day throughout the year. 7In this case, the frost estimate corresponds in accuracy to the measurement data obtained from the weather stations. According to one embodiment, the software means are adapted to generate a weather station-specific frost estimate for the first 1 to 10 days based on the external forecast and after the external forecast based on the measurement data. In this case, a more accurate external forecast at the beginning of the frost assessment and a less accurate computational forecast can then be utilized. The external forecast may be, for example, a 10-day forecast from the Finnish Meteorological Institute, but may also be a forecast made by another party providing weather services. External S forecasts take into account other factors in the creation of the forecast than the temperatures of previous years, such as the approaching meteorological fronts, and thus lead to a more accurate forecast. This in turn improves the accuracy of the frosta- n estimate.
    N> “Preferably, the software means are adapted to calculate a weather station-specific temperature forecast from the measurement data by calculating an average of the measurement values for each day from the measurement data for that day from previous years. This type of calculation is very simple and quick to perform.
    According to one embodiment, the software means is adapted to weight the temperatures contained in the measurement data for the calculated date according to their age in the calculation of the weather station-specific temperature forecast, so that the most recent observations have a higher weighting factor than the older ones to compensate for climate change.
    In the system, the software means may be adapted to use weather stations for making a frost assessment, the measurement data of which contain temperature values for a period of 2 to 20 years, preferably for a period of 3 to 8 years. In this case, the reliability of the system is improved as the significance of fluctuations in a single year decreases, with each date being calculated preferably on the basis of measurement data for that year for several years.
    Preferably, the software means are adapted to calculate the melting amount by the following formula: Z, = k-. (lm. + AT): t), where Zs is the melting depth, k is the soil-specific conversion factor, Tiina o is the air temperature, AT is the temperature difference between air and ground, and O 25 ot is the melting time. The formula AT preferably has an empirically determined constant for each month, in which case the correct ground temperature S is not required in the calculation. Using this known formula E, the open temperature data of the weather stations can be utilized to calculate the melting rate.
    3 30 O Preferably, the software means are adapted to calculate> the amount of frost by the following formula: op = kAF where zf is the depth of frost from the ground, F is the amount of frost from the beginning of winter and k is the soil type-specific conversion factor. Using this known formula, the open temperature data of the weather stations can be utilized to calculate the amount of frost.
    Preferably, the software means are adapted to calculate the amount of winter frost F using the following equation: F = 24-% (T; -T,)), where Tr is the freezing point temperature and Tg is the average daily temperature for day j.
    Preferably, the software means are adapted to take into account the melting of frost from below by the effect of geothermal heat with the following formula: Zop = 5 + (0.437 ,, + 1) dt> Tama, yy, (L + 1000, where S is the month-dependent coefficient, Tm is the average annual temperature, L is the melting temperature of the earth, dt is the time when melting has begun and lambda is the thermal conductivity of the molten state of the soil layer, giving a more accurate picture of frost melting than estimating melting from the ground alone.
    Preferably, the software means is adapted to determine for each selected weather station a weighting factor weighted by the distance between each weather station and destination and to form a frost estimate for the period under consideration by calculating S of the cumulative frost numbers of the selected & cross the weighted average. Thus, the location of each E: weather station can be taken into account when assessing the relevance of the measurement data of that weather station to the frost calculation.
    8> ”
    The system according to the invention can be used, for example, for making gravel road forecasts, determining weight restrictions, controlling transport logistics, generating safety information, determining the need for maintenance, assessing frost damage and scheduling repairs. Correspondingly, information on frost can also be used for other civil engineering. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some embodiments of the invention, in which Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a system according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a graphical user interface of the system according to the invention, Figure 3 shows the steps of using the system according to the block diagram , Fig. 4a shows the implementation of the start and end of the winter frost sum calculation period in the situation according to the first example, Fig. 4b shows the implementation of the winter frost sum calculation period start and end in the situation according to the second example, O Fig. 5 shows a real-time frost amount and forecast O as a graph, N 6a and 6b show the frost estimate = graphs presented to the customer. a
    W 5 30 Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a system 100 N according to the invention in principle. The measuring part of the system 100 5 consists of a plurality of public weather stations 10 which measure the outdoor temperature of the location of the weather station 10 by means of temperature sensors 11 which are stored centrally.
    to the server 20 for further use.
    The recording preferably takes place via the Internet 50, by transmitting the measurement data from the weather station 10, for example using its own transmitter 36.
    The weather stations can be, for example, meteorological stations of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, road cameras of the Finnish Maritime Administration or other similar weather measurement stations of a public actor whose measurement data is open and freely available.
    For the sake of clarity, only two weather stations 10 are shown in Figure 1, but of course the Finnish Meteorological Institute, for example, has hundreds of measuring stations at its disposal, which form the measuring station network of the system according to the invention.
    The server 20 comprises a database memory 22 for collecting and storing measurement data of the weather stations 10 using a network connection.
    To share the measurement data of the weather stations 10 stored in the database memory 22 of the server 20, the server 20 includes an open interface for sharing the measurement data stored as open data.
    That is, the measurement data in the database memory 22 of the server 20 can be read remotely via the Internet 50 and the measurement data can be downloaded for further use.
    To download measurement data, the server may include, for example, a Creative Commons license, which allows you to retrieve measurement data on behalf of those who use the corresponding license.
    O In addition to the server 20 and the weather stations 10, the system 100 O 25 includes a computing service 12 in which measurement data is downloaded over the Internet 50 and stored in the computing memory 14 of the computing service 12. The computing service 12 is in the embodiment of Figure 1 = cloud service.
    Based on the measurement data and i.e. other input data, the calculation service 12 calculates the frost estimate using the calculation unit 28.
    The computing service preferably also has N, for example a Creative Commons license, in which case it is able to use the open interface of the server to download the measurement data.
    The computing service may be implemented, for example, as a cloud software service provided by Amazon, which includes storage space and computing capacity that can be utilized by software tools in the computing service over the Internet to compute a frost estimate.
    In this case, the software means retrieves the measurement data required for the calculation from the remote memory of the calculation service and transfers it for calculation to the calculation unit of the calculation service, which calculates the resulting frouta estimate.
    Thus, the system does not need a separate physical server from the service provider providing the frost assessment, but everything can be a computing service.
    The calculation service 12 of the system 100 further includes a graphical user interface 26 arranged for the party ordering the frost estimate, i.e. the customer, through which the frost estimate is ordered and presented.
    The customer can use the graphical user interface 26 by means of his own terminal 38.
    The terminal can be, for example, any terminal with a web browser, such as a computer, smartphone, tablet or the like.
    As shown in Figure 2, the graphical user interface 26 includes a map application for presenting the map 18 to the customer so that the customer can select the desired destination location 16 for which he wants a frouta estimate.
    In addition, via the graphical user interface 26, the customer selects, for example, the soil type M of the target location 16 from the drop-down menu O 25 or, alternatively, the information in question is retrieved from a separate database.
    S Preferably, the user also selects the length of the review period = T, which limits the amount of measurement data to be used.
    The graphical user interface can be, for example, an application implemented using a web page based on PHP technology and utilizing the Google Maps service N.
    Alternatively, the graphical user interface can also be implemented with a separate application designed for the intended use, but the use of a web page is simpler in its implementation.
    In addition to the temperature information measured by the temperature sensors, the weather stations 10 also transmit their own location information p1 as measurement data, as shown in Fig. 2, in order to identify the measurement data received from the weather station 10. Correspondingly, the location information p2 of the destination selected by the user is deduced by means of the map application. The operation of the system according to the invention will now be described with reference to steps 60 to 84 of the block diagram of Figure 3 and to the parts of the system 100 shown in Figures 1 to 2. The calculation of the frost value begins with the generation of measurement data by means of the temperature sensors 11 of the weather stations 10. The temperature sensors 11 of each weather station measure the temperature of the location in step 60 and preferably transmit the measurement data together with its own location information p1 to the server 20 in step 62, for example via the GSM module or the Internet 50. In step 64, the server preferably stores the measurement data in its database memory.
    22. In step 66, the open measurement data of the weather stations 10 is downloaded to the calculation service 12 using the open interface of the server 20, for example over the Internet 50, and stored in the calculation memory 14 of the calculation service 12 in step 68. O To generate a route estimate, a weather station-specific temperature forecast is generated for each year. per day in step 70. Preferably, this is done by utilizing the measurement history of the weather station in question, which = includes the measured temperatures of the weather station in question over a period of several years. Based on these, an average can be calculated, which can further be weighted according to the age N of the measured temperatures, so that the newest measured temperatures have a higher weighting factor in the calculation of the weighted average than the older ones.
    The weather station-specific temperature forecast can also be formed in such a way that the first 1 to 10 days of the temperature forecast are based on the weather forecast of the source providing the weather forecasting services and only thereafter. The temperature forecast is based on statistically calculated values.
    In step 72, the customer uses the graphical user interface to select the desired destination 16 for the frost estimation on the map 18 and the soil type M of that destination 16.
    Preferably, the customer also selects the desired calculation period length T.
    The length of the observation period can be used to delimit the measurement data located outside the observation period and the forecast out of the calculation of the frost estimate.
    Then, in step 74, the software 32 of the calculation service 12 determines a second location information p2 describing the location of said destination 16, which is compared with the location information p1 of the weather stations 10 to find at least two geographically closest weather stations 10 based on the location information p1.
    In step 76, the nearest weather stations 10 are selected as the selected weather stations 10. The selection means that only the measurement data of the two weather stations 10 and the calculated weather station-specific temperature forecast are used to calculate the frost estimate, because they are closest to the target location and thus S 25 most relevant. 3 S In step 78, for each selected weather station 10 = from the measurement data and the temperature forecast, the cumulative amount of frost and the cumulative amount of melting for the reference period are calculated. 5 30 The calculation of the cumulative amount of frost and the cumulative amount of thaw N and its principle are described in more detail later in this application 5.
    In step 80, an estimate of the frost depth, namely the frost value, is generated by calculating the cumulative frost amounts of the weather stations 10 selected for the reference period T, and in step 82, an estimate of the frost melting rate, namely the melting value, is calculated by calculating the cumulative melting points of the selected weather stations. Finally, in step 84, a frost estimate of the frost depth is presented by presenting to the customer both the frost value and the melt value using a graphical user interface. Preferably, the representation takes the form of the graph shown in Figures 6a and 6b. When the curves of frost R and melting S intersect on the graph, the frost has completely melted. In the graph of Figure 6a, at date 1.6, the frost and melting curves R and S meet. The calculation can be done either on a daily or monthly basis. More specifically, the cumulative amount of frost is calculated by summing the real-time amount of frost accumulated up to the time of winter measurement and the frost forecast calculated on the basis of the weather station-specific temperature forecast. The real-time freezing amount is calculated from the daily average temperatures obtained from the measurement data. Air temperatures are measured from a height of 2 m and the average daily temperature is determined as the average of the observations measured every three hours. When calculating the amount of frost, both positive and negative differences to the freezing point are taken into account. F = 24 -> ,, (T, -7 ,,) (1) Q where
    O 5 25 F is the amount of winter frost, Kh W Te freezing point = 0 ° C 7 Ta, j is the daily average temperature for day j, ° C. aa = Determination of the start and end time S 30 for the calculation of the amount of frost is shown in Figures 4a and 4b, which come from VTT's N Talonrakennus frost protection instructions (State Technical Research Center VTT and Rakennustieto Oy. Helsinki. 96 s), as well as formula 1. Figure 4a shows the situation
    where in the autumn, after a cold period, a short warm period follows. However, the amount of frost in the cold period is greater than the sum of the degrees of heat in the warm period, in which case the calculation of the amount of frost in winter begins at the beginning of the cold period. Figure 4b shows a situation in which a short cold period is followed by a warm period whose sum of degrees of heat is greater than the amount of frost in the cold period. In this case, the calculation of the amount of frost starts to start after the warm period. Correspondingly, Figure 5b shows the end time of the frost amount calculation.
    Short-term frost forecasting can be used, for example, to assess the adequacy of frost protection during work. With the help of the amount of frost accumulated during the winter and forecast for a short time, a comparison can be made with the monthly frost amount statistics of the locality, which have been used as a design value for a shorter period of working time. Once the cumulative amount of frost is known, an approximate estimate of the depth of frost in the snow-free structure can be made using Formula 2 below (Stefan 1891).
    z, = kdF (2) where Zr is the depth of frost from the ground surface, mm o F amount of frost from the beginning of winter, Kh O k soil-specific conversion factor from Table O 25 1 (mm / s4 / Khk) s E Table 1. Frost depth conversion factors. o Soil frost depth
    S O Louhe 15.0> siska, sora jalll.5 pore mf
    Label 10.0 Clay 8.5 Peat 6.0 The soil type chosen in the calculation is: “sand, gravel, moraine”, which best describes the frosting of the road / street structure.
    In addition to the characteristics of the soil type, the depth of frost is affected by e.g. location (local climate), the height of the groundwater level and the snow layer that may cover the ground, in addition, in street areas e.g. pipelines.
    The system according to the invention can be utilized using only soil type information, but a more accurate result is obtained by also taking into account the above-mentioned influencing factors.
    The cumulative amount of melting, in turn, is preferably calculated using a melting model, i.e. the so-called deltaT model.
    However, the sum of the degrees of temperature determined from the air temperatures covered by the measurement data is not the same as the sum of the degrees of temperature of the surface of the earth or structure.
    The sum of the thermal degrees of the surface of the structure is estimated by taking into account not only the temperature development of the air but also the heating caused by the radiation coming to the surface.
    The effect of radiation on the paved road surface (diffuse radiation, solar radiation) is found to be approximately constant A throughout the country.
    The heating effect is taken into account as the temperature difference between the surface and the air, which is N per month according to Table 2. x o 25 = Table 2. Monthly temperature difference between air and road surface S AT and corresponding increase in temperature degree / Saarelainen, S.
    N 2001. Modeling of a snowstorm.
    State Technical Research Center VTT.
    TPPT Work Report.
    Road Administration./.
    increase in road surface, Kh temperature difference AT, ° C
    TK mrp st me
    AL == +1 = ". H —In the K + DeltaT model, the road / street pavement is asphalt concrete or soft asphalt concrete. In addition to soil properties, melting depth is affected by location (local climate), groundwater level and possible snow cover, street areas In addition, for example, pipelines.The speed of melting is also of great importance in the location of the object in relation to the shading of the place.However, the invention can also be implemented by considering only the soil type, in which case N OF
    I T The depth of melting can be roughly estimated using formula (4) 0. The soil type chosen in the calculation is: “sand, gravel, x 15 moraine”, which best describes the frosting / melting of the road / street structure. > “Surface temperature of the coating:
    Tsurface = Line + AT (3) where Tsurface is the ground temperature, ° CT air air temperature, ° C AT air and ground temperature difference, ° CZ, = k * [Swimming + A + t) (4) where Zs is the melting depth, mm soil type class: Sand, gravel, moraine, k = 11.5 k is the soil-specific conversion factor (mm / 4 / Month) Tima On air temperature (> 0 € *) AT from table 2 t melting time, h Melting accuracy can be improved by taking into account also melting of frosted soil from below according to the following calculation formula 5: Z, = 5-G-lambda yx I L-1000, mm (5) Z ,, = $ - (0.437 ,, +1) -dt -lambda,;, / L: 1000, mm where Ostrobothnia is silt (dry density 1500 kg / m and water content 25% by weight, thermal conductivity of the molten space 1.5 W / Km) Melting below N Zap, mm S month-dependent coefficient (applies to ground heat release), in Finland 0.82 - 1.0 , the value SN = 1.0 can be used
    I = G temperature gradient of heat released from the ground G = 0 (0.43Tm + 1), ° C / m. Gradient calculated from observations of subsoil S 30 1 m thick molten soil layer S Tm annual mean temperature, ° C> Heat of melting 93 Wh / kg L heat of melting of soil (= 93 Wh / kg x dry density (kg / m ) X water content) = 34875 Wh / m dt time (h) when melting has begun lambdasuia the thermal conductivity of the molten state of the soil layer, W / Km. The proportion of lower melting can be taken into account when presenting the frost value in the graph, so that the frost curve drawn according to the frost value rises closer to the ground surface all the time according to the principle of lower melting.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    A system (100) for calculating frost (R), the system (100) comprising - a plurality of weather stations (10) for measuring outdoor temperature, - a server (20) comprising a database memory (22) for collecting measurement data of weather stations (10) via a network connection and storing in said database memory ( 22), the server (20) comprising an open interface for sharing the stored measurement data as open data, - a computing service (12) comprising a computing memory (14), a computing unit (28), software means (32) in which the software means (32) are arranged - download the open measurement data of the weather stations (10) from the server (20) to the calculation service (12), - store the downloaded measurement data in said calculation memory (14) together with the location information (pl) of each weather station (10), - generate a weather station-specific temperature forecast for each year (10) - determine the second location information of said map data (p2), o - search for the second location information (p2) based on S 25 te from the location data of the weather stations (10) (pl) the geographically closest weather station to the selected weather station co (10), = - calculate for each weather station (10) a measure from the measurement data and temperature forecast to check the cumulative 5 30 frost and melting rate for the period,> - to estimate the depth of frost (R), namely the frost value, for the reference period by calculating the cumulative frost amounts of the selected weather stations (10), - to estimate the amount of frost (R) thawing, namely the melting value, for the reference period by calculating the cumulative melting points of selected weather stations (10) , and - presenting the frost estimate of the frost (R) depth by displaying the frost value and the melting value preferably as a graph to the customer by means of a graphical user interface (26), characterized in that the software means (32) are adapted to search for second location information (p2) the location of the weather stations (10) (pl) the two geographically closest weather stations (10) and the selection of the nearest weather station stations (10) for calculation as selected weather stations (10) and the calculation service further includes a graphical user interface (26) for ordering and displaying a frost estimate, the user interface (26) including a map application for presenting a map (18) to the customer of the frost estimate destination (16) and soil type ( T) to select.
    [2]
    System according to claim 1, characterized in that the graphical user interface (26) is an https-> web page. S 25 2 3. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the oraphic user interface (26) is a separate application. a
    [3]
    W 5 30 4. A system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, N characterized in that the software means (32) are adapted to take into account the melting of the frost (R) from below by geothermal heat according to the following formula:
    [4]
    Z, = S (0,437, +1) dt -lambda ,,, / L-1000, where S is the month-dependent coefficient, Tm is the average annual temperature, L is the heat of melting of the earth, dt is the time when melting has started and lambda is thermal conductivity of the molten state.
    [5]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the software means (32) are adapted to generate a weather station-specific forecast for the first 1 to 10 days based on the external forecast and after the external forecast based on the measurement data.
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    公开号 | 公开日
    FI20195707A1|2021-02-28|
    FI128956B|2021-04-15|
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